Mongolian Weather

 Your Ultimate Guide to Weather in Mongolia: What Tourists Need to Know

Mongolia’s Continental Climate

Mongolia is situated in the center of the Eurasian continent, surrounded by high mountains and far from any oceans. Its average elevation is around 1,500 meters (4,900 feet) above sea level. Due to its geographical location, the country experiences a continental climate characterized by:

• High temperature fluctuations throughout the year
• Low precipitation with much of the country being dry
• Clear skies, with over 230 days of sunshine per year!

Mongolia experiences four distinct seasons: winter, spring, summer, and autumn. However, the lengths and characteristics of these seasons can vary greatly.

• Winter (November to April): Winters in Mongolia are long and cold, with temperatures often dropping between -10°C (14°F) and -30°C (-22°F), especially in the northern and central parts. The southern regions, such as the Gobi Desert, can be more warm in winter.
• Summer (June to mid-August): Summers are short but warm, with average temperatures ranging from 10°C (50°F) to 27°C (80°F). It’s the perfect time to visit if you want to experience Mongolia’s beautiful natural landscapes and partake in outdoor activities like horse riding or trekking.
• Spring and Autumn: These seasons tend to be brief and unpredictable. Spring can feel like winter one day and summer the next. Autumn is similarly short, with cooler temperatures setting in quickly. These seasons are ideal for those who prefer fewer tourists and don’t mind a bit of unpredictability in the weather.

Temperature Variations Across Mongolia

The weather varies depending on the region you’re in, so it’s important to check the forecast before you travel.

• Western & Northern Mongolia: This region, including the Altai, Khangai, Khentii, and Khuvsgul mountains, experiences a much colder climate. The average annual temperature here is around -4°C (24.8°F), with colder temperatures in the winter months.
• Central & Southern Mongolia: The central and southern regions, including the desert steppe and the southern Gobi Desert, have milder temperatures. The average annual temperature ranges from 2°C (35.6°F) in the desert steppe zone to 6°C (42.8°F) in the Gobi.

Precipitation in Mongolia

Mongolia is a dry country with low rainfall. However, rainfall varies by region and altitude:

• Northern & Mountainous Areas: The areas around Khangai, Khuvsgul, and Khentii mountains receive between 250mm to 390mm of precipitation annually. These areas are the wettest parts of the country.
• Steppe Regions: In the central and eastern steppe regions, precipitation averages between 180mm to 280mm per year.
• Gobi Desert: The Gobi Desert is one of the driest areas, with only 70mm to 150mm of precipitation per year. In some areas, rainfall can be as low as 40mm to 60mm annually.

Best Time to Visit Mongolia

The best time to visit Mongolia depends on what you want to experience:

• Summer (June to mid-August) is the most popular time for tourists. The weather is warm, and many traditional festivals and outdoor activities, such as Naadam (Mongolian festival) and horse racing, take place during these months. This is the ideal season for outdoor adventures and exploring Mongolia’s vast landscapes.
• Spring (April-May) and Autumn (September-October) are quieter seasons. These are good for travelers looking to avoid the crowds and enjoy a more peaceful experience. Just keep in mind that the weather can be unpredictable.
• Winter (November to March) offers a unique experience for those brave enough to embrace the cold. Winter festivals, such as the Ulaanbaatar Winter Festival, are held during this time, and the snowy landscapes are breathtaking. However, be prepared for extreme cold, particularly if you're traveling outside of the capital.